SIC Relationship Intelligence

Ownership, Politics & Transport Graph

Trace companies, beneficial ownership claims, directors, politicians, vessels, aircraft and source-verified movement records. Every edge retains its dataset and confidence.

Graph focus

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Direct relationships & discovery leads

82 relationships in the loaded graph sample, not the complete network. Includes unconfirmed leads, labelled separately. Read each row from subject to counterpart. Accounting consolidation is not a claim of equity ownership. A relationship does not transfer sanctions status or establish wrongdoing.

Distinct counterparts
71
Source-attributed rows
71
Unconfirmed leads
11
Named source datasets
3

Sources represented: GLEIF Level 2 · br_rfb_cnpj_202610 · usaspending_fy2026_bulk. Counts describe this displayed sample, not all records or all possible chains.

Directional relationships, source-supplied dates and original evidence links
SubjectRelationshipCounterpartDates & evidence
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedusaspending_fy2026_bulk
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedusaspending_fy2026_bulk
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedusaspending_fy2026_bulk
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedusaspending_fy2026_bulk
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedbr_rfb_cnpj_202610
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedbr_rfb_cnpj_202610
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedusaspending_fy2026_bulk
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedusaspending_fy2026_bulk
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedusaspending_fy2026_bulk
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedbr_rfb_cnpj_202610
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONPossible identity match — distinct recordsDiscovery lead — unconfirmedINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent status not suppliedusaspending_fy2026_bulk
IBM International L.P.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-11-18GLEIF Level 2
IBM POLSKA BUSINESS SERVICES SPÓŁKA Z OGRANICZONĄ ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCIĄUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2021-02-15GLEIF Level 2
LOTUS DEVELOPMENT HOLDINGS B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-24GLEIF Level 2
IBM SINGAPORE PTE LTDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2021-11-10GLEIF Level 2
IBM SCHWEIZ AGUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-27GLEIF Level 2
IBM CREDIT LLCDirect accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2026-05-21GLEIF Level 2
IBM BELGIUM FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPANYUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-12-18GLEIF Level 2
IBM GLOBAL SERVICES ESPAÑA, S.A.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2025-03-18GLEIF Level 2
IBM ÖSTERREICH INTERNATIONALE BÜROMASCHINEN GESELLSCHAFT M.B.H.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-12-07GLEIF Level 2
IBM WORLD TRADE ASIA HOLDINGS LLCUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-27GLEIF Level 2
IBM Americas Holdings II, Ltd.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-06-04GLEIF Level 2
IBM UNITED KINGDOM FINANCIAL SERVICES LIMITEDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-27GLEIF Level 2
IBM UNITED KINGDOM LIMITEDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-27GLEIF Level 2
IBM Ireland LimitedUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2026-05-21GLEIF Level 2
IBM JF LLCUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-31GLEIF Level 2
한국아이비엠 (주)Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-06-15GLEIF Level 2
CONFLUENT INDIA PRIVATE LIMITEDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2019-07-25GLEIF Level 2
HASHICORP (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITEDDirect accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2025-02-27GLEIF Level 2
IBM INTERNATIONAL GROUP B.V.Direct accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2024-01-16GLEIF Level 2
RED HAT, LLCUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2019-07-09GLEIF Level 2
Confluent, Inc.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2014-09-11GLEIF Level 2
IBM GF INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LLCUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-25GLEIF Level 2
APPTIO INDIA LLPDirect accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2023-08-10GLEIF Level 2
IBM ATLANTIC GROUP B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-12-07GLEIF Level 2
INTERNATIONAL SALES AND SERVICES B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-26GLEIF Level 2
IBM Global Financing Deutschland GmbHDirect accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2022-10-10GLEIF Level 2
IBM GLOBAL FINANCING INVESTMENTS I B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-01-19GLEIF Level 2
IBM WORLD TRADE ASIA CORPORATIONUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-26GLEIF Level 2
IBM Nederland B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-26GLEIF Level 2
RED HAT CZECH S.R.O.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-19GLEIF Level 2
ROUND POND UNLIMITED COMPANYUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2025-02-11GLEIF Level 2
IBM DANMARK ApSUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-01-30GLEIF Level 2
COMPANHIA I.B.M.PORTUGUESA S.A.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-12-17GLEIF Level 2
SISTEMI INFORMATIVI S.R.L.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2025-05-06GLEIF Level 2
Red Hat Production OyUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2025-06-04GLEIF Level 2
HASHICORP (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITEDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2025-02-27GLEIF Level 2
IBM INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL PTE. LTD.Direct accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2023-11-21GLEIF Level 2
GSCF Working Capital Bank Gesellschaft mit beschränkter HaftungDirect accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-01-09GLEIF Level 2
IBM PENSIONSKASSE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFTUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2023-04-19GLEIF Level 2
IBM ITALIA S.P.A.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-26GLEIF Level 2
IBM WTC FINANCE, INC.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-26GLEIF Level 2
IBM LUXEMBOURG S.à r.l.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2021-04-07GLEIF Level 2
IBM GLOBAL FINANCING ESPAÑA SLUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2020-02-06GLEIF Level 2
IBM Ireland LimitedDirect accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2026-05-21GLEIF Level 2
IBM NORGE ASUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-12-18GLEIF Level 2
COMPAGNIE IBM FRANCEUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-27GLEIF Level 2
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES SAUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-26GLEIF Level 2
VIEWNEXT SAUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2025-04-02GLEIF Level 2
IBM Svenska AktiebolagUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-26GLEIF Level 2
IBM CREDIT LLCUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2026-05-21GLEIF Level 2
Dock Joined In Tech S.R.L.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-01-15GLEIF Level 2
Confluent, Inc.Direct accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2014-09-11GLEIF Level 2
RED HAT ASIA PACIFIC PTE LTDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2020-05-21GLEIF Level 2
RED HAT LIMITEDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2019-05-18GLEIF Level 2
IBM AP OPERATIONS B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-01-19GLEIF Level 2
GSCF Working Capital Bank Gesellschaft mit beschränkter HaftungUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-01-09GLEIF Level 2
IBM UNITED KINGDOM FINANCIAL SERVICES LIMITEDDirect accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-27GLEIF Level 2
IBM Svenska AktiebolagDirect accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-25GLEIF Level 2
IBM INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL PTE. LTD.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2023-11-21GLEIF Level 2
IBM Global Financing Deutschland GmbHUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2022-10-10GLEIF Level 2
IBM CANADA INVESTMENTS B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-12-18GLEIF Level 2
IBM INTERNATIONAL GROUP B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-12-18GLEIF Level 2
IBM CANADA HOLDINGS B.V.Ultimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-27GLEIF Level 2
IBM SOUTH AFRICAUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2026-05-26GLEIF Level 2
APPTIO INDIA LLPUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2023-08-10GLEIF Level 2
IBM Deutschland GmbHUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2020-07-24GLEIF Level 2
IBM GF INTERNATIONAL TREASURY COMPANY DESIGNATED ACTIVITY COMPANYUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2026-05-21GLEIF Level 2
IBM AUSTRALIA LTDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-25GLEIF Level 2
IBM JAPAN HOLDINGS, LLCUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2017-10-26GLEIF Level 2
IBM CANADA LIMITEDUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2021-01-08GLEIF Level 2
IBM GROWTH MARKETS LLCUltimate accounting consolidation intoSource-attributed relationshipINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONCurrent in source snapshotFrom: 2018-12-18GLEIF Level 2
Explore the wider network →
Network intelligence100 loaded links · 14 discovery candidates

Relationship signals

Broad discovery graph with explicit confidence tiers. Candidate links never create a sanctions status.

1. Discover
Start broad; dashed lines are possible links, not established facts.
2. Inspect
Select a line to see its confidence and matching reasons.
3. Tighten
Optionally narrow to source-attributed relationships.
Loaded entities
86
32 visible
Loaded links
100
82 direct
Source datasets
4
in this network
Discovery candidates
14
explicitly marked, not discarded
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS…ORGIBM International L.P.ORGIBM POLSKA BUSINESS SE…ORGLOTUS DEVELOPMENT HOLD…ORGIBM SINGAPORE PTE LTDORGIBM SCHWEIZ AGORGIBM CREDIT LLCORGIBM BELGIUM FINANCIAL …ORGIBM GLOBAL SERVICES ES…ORGIBM ÖSTERREICH INTERNA…ORGIBM WORLD TRADE ASIA H…ORGIBM Americas Holdings …ORGIBM UNITED KINGDOM FIN…ORGIBM UNITED KINGDOM LIM…ORGIBM Ireland LimitedORGIBM JF LLCORG한국아이비엠 (주)ORGCONFLUENT INDIA PRIVAT…ORGHASHICORP (INDIA) PRIV…ORGIBM INTERNATIONAL GROU…ORGRED HAT, LLCORG
Politician / PEPOfficial sanctions recordAircraftVesselMovement recordsOfficial travel filingPolitical committeeFARA disclosurePossible link
Movement records identify an aircraft or vessel, not its passengers. Ownership and control links require verification against the cited official record before use.

SWIFT © and database rights September 2026. All rights reserved. This Mapping Table has been developed by SWIFT. Any use of the Mapping Table, in whole or in part, is subject to the BIC/LEI Mapping Table License Agreement as published with the Mapping Table available on GLEIF’s website. The Mapping Table is updated monthly. For the latest BIC information and updates, always refer to www.swift.com/bic.

Evidence corridors

Paths to source-list records

Bounded search of the server graph, up to four hops and 48 steps per frontier entity. Includes weak discovery leads. A route never transfers an official status by proximity.

1 returned path
1
Ranking priority 1/100minimum imported score 40/100 · not a probability2 unconfirmed step(s)incomplete datesdiscovery path
Imported endpoint record: sanction — U.S. Department of the Treasury — OFAC. This status applies to the endpoint record, not automatically to preceding nodes.
Inspect endpoint source
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Company
Possible identity match — distinct records
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Company
Government contract award
Smithsonian Institution
GovernmentBody
Government contract award
MICROSOFT CORPORATION
Company
Possible identity match — distinct records
Microsoft Corporation
Company
Why this path ranked here · evidence and caveats
Supporting steps
  • Possible identity match — distinct records: usaspending_fy2026_bulk · unconfirmed lead · source
  • Government contract award: usaspending_fy2026_bulk · source
  • Government contract award: usaspending_fy2026_bulk · source
  • Possible identity match — distinct records: usaspending_fy2026_bulk · unconfirmed lead · source
Legal and analytical limits
  • A network path is contextual intelligence. It does not make every connected person or company sanctioned, restricted, culpable or commonly controlled.
  • This path contains discovery-only links and requires source-by-source review.
  • Dates are incomplete; simultaneous or current connection is not established.
  • Traversal includes reverse-direction steps. This is connectivity, not a directional chain of control.